Fungi
Study of fungi - mycology
Father of mycology - micheli
Father of Indian mycology - E.l Butler.
Father of modern mycology - De Berry.
Fungi is mostly found in hunmid soil bur sometimes it also found on old wood, pickles, and bread.
Chloroplast is absent in fungi so it is heterotrophic.
It take a food from dead organic matter for living organism( plant and animals) so it is known as saprophytic and parasitic respectively.
Sometime fungi have symbiotic relationship with algae and forms lichens.
Sampangi lives in the route of higher plants and form mycorrhiza.
Body of fungi is called a mycelium.
Mycelium is made up of many filaments called hyphae.
Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.
Fungi store food in the form of glycogen and oils.
Reproduction in fungi -
Three types of reproduction present in fungi-
A. Vegetative reproduction
B. Asexual reproduction
C. Sexual reproduction
A. Vegetative reproduction
1. Fragmentation -
When mycelium is broken down into many fragments due to any reason then every fragment of it can develop into a new filament and then mycelium.
2. Budding -
Through bud formation example, saccharomyces.
3. Fission - example, schizo saccharomyces.
Note - reproduction through budding and fission occurs in non mycelium fungi.
B. Asexual reproduction -
sexual reproduction occurs through spore formation. Spores are formed through mitosis division in sexual reproduction three types of spores can be formed.
1. Zoospore -
It formed in sporangia, that is called Zoosporangia.
2. Aplanspore -
These are also formed in sporangia.
3. Conidia -
Conidia are formed on the top of a conidiophore.
Conidia formation is exogenously in origin but zoospore and Aplanspore Are formed exogenous.
3. Sexual reproduction -
Sexual reproduction occurs through gamete formation three main stages are present in sexual reproduction of fungi -
A. Plasmogamy -
It is first step of sexual reproduction in which two germ cells are fused with each other but nucleus of both cells are not fused.
In this step, without Nuclear fussion binucleated cell is formed that is called dikaryon.
2. Karyogamy -
During karyogamy both nucleus fuses with each other and form a diploid cell called synkaryon.
3. Meiosis -
It is third step of sexual reproduction in this step diploid Synkaryon undergo meiosis division and many hiploid cells are formed.
True Fungi are grouped into four classes on the basis of their type of mycelium and type of sexual reproduction.
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